Methodology

Three frameworks. One evidence standard.

DFB uses named frameworks to organize what issuers disclose. They are diagnostic lenses, not ratings, forecasts or instructions to transact in a security.

Evidence standard Start with primary filings. Rebuild the issuer arithmetic where needed. State definition differences before comparing peers.
Framework 01

Three Clocks™

Coverage today, maturity tomorrow, market access when tomorrow arrives. The clocks do not run at the same speed. A single quarter can show where they stand; it does not settle which one will matter first.

Coverage today
CURRENT CUSHION
Maturity tomorrow
DEBT DUE
Market access
FUNDING WINDOW

Conceptual timing schematic. Bar positions are not issuer measurements.

Framework 02

Buffer Half-Life™

Coverage describes the visible cushion at one point in time. Buffer Half-Life asks how many periods a stated rate of compression would take to halve or exhaust that cushion. It is a way to describe structural durability, not a prediction.

Stated cushion
After one half-life
Further compression
Question to test

What is causing the buffer to compress: cash flow, debt cost, capital needs or a change in access?

Illustrative only. The framework requires an issuer-specific definition of the cushion and a disclosed or clearly stated compression assumption.

Framework 03

BBB− Cliff™

The lowest investment-grade rung is not merely one notch away from the first speculative-grade rung. Crossing below it can change the eligible buyer base for issuers and investors subject to investment-grade mandates.

AInvestment grade
BBB+Investment grade
BBB−Lowest investment-grade rung
BB+First speculative-grade rung
BBSpeculative grade

Conceptual rating boundary. It does not represent a rating view on any issuer or forecast a downgrade.

The rule beneath the frameworks

Do not let a framework outrun the filing.
One claim, one source, no filler.
Where definitions differ, state the difference.
Where the record is incomplete, leave it unresolved.